![]() ![]() The second plane from top contains a long background, continuing to the right. Note how the plane closest to the camera (dark tree in foreground at left) is strongly out of focus. The plane above it contains (in addition to a cliff with a waterfall) a moving distortion glass, giving a ripple effect to the water. The lowest plane, furthest from the camera, is only a rendering of a water surface. Three original Disney multiplane cameras survive: one at The Walt Disney Studios, Burbank, California, one at the Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco, and one in the Art of Disney Animation exhibition at Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris. The process was made obsolete by the implementation of a "digital multiplane camera" feature in the digital CAPS process used for subsequent Disney films and in other computer animation systems. The Little Mermaid was the final Disney film to use a multiplane camera, though the work was done by an outside facility as Disney's cameras were not functional at the time. Toad, Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, Sleeping Beauty and The Jungle Book. The multiplane was featured prominently in Disney films such as Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bambi, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. establishing shot of Pinocchio’s village) or extremely long tracking or complicated dissolve shots (notably the Ave Maria forest sequence). Occasionally the studio used another camera, operating horizontally along tracks laid on a studio floor to allow wider movements (e.g. The senior Disney executive Card Walker rose in the company from the multiplane camera department in the late 1930s. A camera crew of up to a dozen technicians might be required to operate and advance each of the planes. ![]() ĭisney's multiplane camera, which used up to seven layers of artwork (painted in oils on glass) shot under a vertical and moveable camera set for successive frame Technicolor, allowed for more sophisticated uses than the Iwerks or Fleischer versions. The camera was completed in early 1937 and tested in a Silly Symphony called The Old Mill, which won the 1937 Academy Award for Animated Short Film. The most famous multiplane camera was developed by William Garity for the Walt Disney Studios to be used in the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The Tabletop process was used to create distinctive results in Fleischer's Betty Boop, Popeye the Sailor, and Color Classics cartoons. ![]() The animation cels were placed within the setup so that various objects could pass in front of and behind them, and the entire scene was shot using a horizontal camera. Their apparatus used three-dimensional miniature sets built to the scale of the animation artwork. The technicians at Fleischer Studios created a distantly related device, called the Stereoptical Camera or Setback, in 1934. His multiplane camera was used in a number of the Iwerks Studio's Willie Whopper and Comicolor cartoons of the mid-1930s. In 1933, former Walt Disney Studios animator/ director Ub Iwerks invented the first multiplane camera using movable layers of flat artwork in front of a horizontal camera using parts from an old Chevrolet automobile. Sketch of a computer-controlled, 4-plane Multiplane camera, showing the glass-covered planes and the different motions. Berthold Bartosch, who worked with Reiniger, used a similar setup in his film L'Idee (1932).ĭemonstration of the multiplane effect using three planes. An early example is the scene in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs where the Evil Queen drinks her potion, and the surroundings appear to spin around her.Īn early form of the multiplane camera was used by Lotte Reiniger for her animated feature The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926). One variation is to have the background and foreground move in opposite directions. The multiplane effect is sometimes referred to as a parallax process. The movements are calculated and photographed frame by frame, with the result being an illusion of depth by having several layers of artwork moving at different speeds: the further away from the camera, the slower the speed. Various parts of the artwork layers are left transparent to allow other layers to be seen behind them. This creates a sense of parallax or depth. The multiplane camera is a motion-picture camera that was used in the traditional animation process that moves a number of pieces of artwork past the camera at various speeds and at various distances from one another. The 1937 multiplane camera developed by Walt Disney Studios ![]() For other uses, see Multiplane (disambiguation). ![]()
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